This book aims to demonstrate how the Italian nationalist ideas were a catalyst to the creation of national unity and freedom to the Turkish people, prompting a drive for freedom that originated from the élite and moved to the masses in a top-down manner. The conspiracy ideas particularly of Giuseppe Mazzini, one of the greatest figures in the Italian national struggle, gave strong impetus to the birth of the pre-republican Young Turks. Giuseppe Garibaldi permanence in Turkey, his contacts with the Italian Workers Society in Constantinople, his letters and deep connections with Europe disclosed the idea that, the birth of the Turkish Republic, was ideologically supported by Italian Carbonari kinds of associations. In order to illustrate this link, the book observes the role of some eminent delegates of the Italian Workers Association and the Italian Freemasonry in Istanbul/Constantinople and other provinces of the Ottoman Empire.

Künye

İçindekiler

Chapter ı

Introduction

Chapter II

Framework and Method

2.1. Epistemological Questions

2.2. Historical Background

2.3. The Objectification of History Writing

Chapter III

The Italian Historical Setting

3.1. Introduction

3.2. The Restoration

3.3. The Birth of Secret Societies

3.4. The Unification of Italy

3.5. The Revolts of 1820-21 and 1831

3.6. Mazzini and the Young Italy 7

3.7. The Liberal Experience in Piedmont and the Activity of Cavour

3.8. The Failure of Carlo Pisacane Strategy

3.9. The Expedition of the Thousand and the Unity of Italy

Chapter IV

Lives and Struggles of Garibaldi and Mazzini

4.1. Life and Times of Garibaldi

4.2. Giuseppe Garibaldi in Turkey

4.3. Garibaldi and the Principles of the Unification Between SocietaOperaiaand Freemasonry

4.4. Mazzini's life and Struggles

Chapter V

Activities in Istanbul:

Relations between Italian and Ottoman Society

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Abdulhamid II - Short Introduction

5.3. Starting Contacts

5.4. Young Turks and the "Macedonia Risorta"

5.5. Freemasonry

5.6. The Workers Society

5.7. Italian Colonialism in Libya- The Chronicle of the Consequent Decline of Italian- Turkish Relations

Conclusion

Appendix I - Giuseppe Mazzini's Letters

Appendix II - Giuseppe Garibaldi's Letters

Bibliography

INDEX