After the proclamation of the Tanzîmât Edict, the government wanted to re-arrange the city. To this end, the Building and Expropriation Regulations that determined how modern city planning would be made as of 1840 were published. It was clearly stated that the government would base expropriations made to expand roads, allotment of burnt areas again, determination of construction rules, and opening the areas where reconstruction was not allowed to settlement,in essence all new urban development activities on these new laws. While expropriations were carried out, it was emphasized that, especially when for “public interest”, the operation would be made with the consent of the landowner and after the preparation of maps. All of these can be said to be the reflections of modernity. This book examines the expropriation activities which were the most important tools for the government in the process of reconstruction implemented in Istanbul in the nineteenth century. It argues that the urban development which is at the intersection of centralization and modernization, and the concept of modern expropriation was a consequence of the change in the perspective and the understanding of the Ottoman government. Additionally, in the book, while the concept of modern expropriation is being evaluated in relation to the transformation in the governmental and legal mentality, the economic and social aspects of the expropriations are also emphasized. Other reconstruction processes occurring in other cities in the Ottoman Empire and other European cities which were taken as models in the reconstruction process of the capital city were investigated and documented here for the sake of approaching the expropriations from a comparative angle. This book aims to offer a holistic addition to literature on the urban history of Istanbul in the nineteenth century.

Künye

İçindekiler

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2

THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN ISTANBULIN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

The Legal Framework of Urban Development in Istanbul in the Nineteenth Century The Administrative and Institutional Framework of Urban Development in Istanbul in the Nineteenth Century

CHAPTER 3

FIRES AND EXPROPRIATIONS

Three Big Fires in Istanbul in the Nineteenth Century and Their Role in Expropriations

The Aksaray Fire of 1855

The Hocapaşa Fire of 1865

The Beyoğlu Fire of 1870

CHAPTER 4

PUBLIC INTEREST AND EXPROPRIATIONS

Expropriations Applied Until the 1856 Expropriation Regulation

The First Major Expropriation For Public Interest: The Expropriation of Properties in Karaköykapısı in 1858

Expropriations for Tram Lines

Expropriations for the Construction of Tünel

Expropriations for the Rumeli Railway Line

Other Expropriations

CHAPTER 5

DIFFERENT URBAN ACTORS AND THEIR RESPONSE TO EXPROPRIATIONS

The Problem of Value Estimation

The Role of Banks and Bankers

Assessment and Expropriation of Foreign Properties

Conflicts

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

APPENDICES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX