As a result of the hostility of the Third French Republic which endured from 1870 to 1940, many religious orders were disbanded in France and few orders could survive because of the governmental pressure. A diplomatic crisis broke out between the Holy See and France. The French ambassador to Rome was recalled and the Papal Nuncio to France was expelled. This crisis affected also the strength of France in Orient, who was the Protector of the Latin Catholics and in a wide coverage, all the Catholic subjects.

During the sultanate of Abdülhamid II, the role of the Apostolic Delegate (representative of the Pope before the diplomatic relations started) was enhanced in front of the Sublime Porte.

Because of this diplomatic crisis between the Holy See and France, there have been serious diplomatic conflicts between the Apostolic Delegate in Istanbul and French ambassadors. It is possible to read these conflicts through the diplomatic archives and correspondences, especially through the recently published documents, which are part of the Vatican Secret Archives. During the pontificate of Pope John XXIII in 1960, the diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Turkey started by the appointment of a Turkish Ambassador to the Holy See and an Apostolic Nuncio to Ankara.

This project is aiming to focus on the challenge of power between France and the Holy See in front of the Sublime Porte for keeping the right of representing and protecting the Catholic Subjects in the 19th and 20th centuries, including the establishment and development of the French Protectorate in the Ottoman lands, its abolishment and the diplomatic attempts of Apostolic Delegates for being recognized by the Turkish authorities as the representative of the Pope for Catholic subjects, until the reciprocal appointment of ambassadors in 1960.

Künye

İçerikler

PROLOGUE

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCING THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT AND THE SOURCES

The Source and Genre of Vatican Archive Documents

The Genre of Ecclesiastical- Diplomatic Correspondences

CHAPTER II

THE DEFINITION AND THE CONTENT OF THE RELIGIOUS PROTECTION OF FRANCE IN THE OTTOMAN LANDS

UNTIL THE ABOLISHMENT OF CAPITULATIONS IN 1923

The Capitulations which are stipulated with France

The Capitulations of 1536

The Renewal of Capitulations

The Permanent Capitulations of 1740 and Later

The Protection of the Dragomans and Employees of the Religious Institutions – The Question of Berats for Religious Places

The Question of Reconstruction and Repair of Convents and Catholic Institutions

The Support of the Holy See for the Protectorate of France

CHAPTER III

THE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE HOLY SEE ACCORDING TO THE VATICAN SECRET ARCHIVES

The Relations between the Apostolic Delegates and the Court of Abdülhamid II

The Relations between the Ottoman Empire, Holy See and France on the Protectorate during and after WWI

The Foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923 and the Diplomatic Relations Afterwards

CHAPTER IV

THE SITUATION OF THE CATHOLICS AFTER

THE ABOLITION OF CAPITULATIONS

Diplomatic Relations between the Holy See and Turkish Republic from the Treaty of Lausanne to the Arrival of Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli in 1935

The Apostolic Delegate, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli

The Apostolic Delegates after the leave of Monsignor Roncalli until the Start of the Diplomatic Relations between Turkey and the Holy See

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

APPENDICES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

Basından

• Interview with Bugra Poyraz - Kasım 2016